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- VITAL STATISTICS: Twenty Years After Earth DayNational Wildlife Magazine, February-March 1990
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- An eclectic look at the evironment, two decades later
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- HOW DOES THE HEALTH of the nation's environment and wildlife
- today compare to the time of the first Earth Day? The most
- obvious answer, of course, is that such comparisons are not
- easily made. For one thing, 20 years ago we did not know how to
- correctly measure all of the problems we faced; the same can be
- said for many of the dilemmas we face today. And all too often,
- the indices we develop for measuring different environmental
- problems become obsolete once we discover how extensive and
- complicated these problems really are.
-
- Statistics do tell a story, however. What the following
- numbers reveal is that considerable change has taken place in
- several areas in recent years--some good, some not so good.
- This eclectic collection of numbers is meant to be neither an
- indictment nor an accolade. Rather, it is merely a point of
- reference--figures for us to contemplate as we begin the 1990s, a
- time we surely will come to know as the "Decade of the
- Environment."
-
- World human population in billions in 1970: 3.72.
- Projected for 1990: 5.32. Number of species on the official
- U.S. endangered and threatened listed in 1970: 92. In 1989:
- 539. Number of national wildlife refuges in the United States
- in 1970: 331. In 1989: 452. Estimated global pesticide
- sales in 1975: $5 billion. Projected for 1990: $50 billion.
- Number of whooping cranes in existence in 1970: 71. In
- 1989: 217. Number of California condors in 1986: 60. In 1989:
- 30. Number of dusky seaside sparrows in 1970: about 1,000.
- In 1989: 0. Number of beverage cans used in America in 1963:
- 11.5 billion (mostly steel). In 1985: 70 billion (mostly
- aluminum). Of every federal dollar spent, the amount directed
- toward natural resources and the environment in 1976: 1.5
- cents. In 1978: 3 cents. In 1989: 1.5 cents. World
- military expenditures (in 1984 dollars) in 1970: $450
- billion. Projected for 1990: $750 billion. Estimated number
- of U.S. wetland acres lost in 1970: 500,000. Projected for
- 1990: 300,000. Miles of designated U.S. Wild and Scenic rivers
- in 1970: 868. In 1989: 9,278. Billions of board-feet of
- timber harvested from U.S. Forest Service lands in 1970:
- 11.5. In 1988: 12.6 Median age of U.S. population in 1970:
- 27.9. Projected for 1990: 33. U.S. population served by
- municipal wastewater systems providing secondary treatment
- or better in 1960: fewer than 10 million. In 1984: more than
- 125 million. Millions of tons of solid waste generated in the
- United States in 1970: 100. In 1986: 158. Millions of
- dollars appropriated by Congress from the Land and Water
- Conservation Fund to buy parkland and wildlife habitat in
- 1970: 48. In 1986: 45.9 In 1989: 207. Parts per million of DDT
- in human adipose tissue in the United States in 1970: 8. In
- 1983: 2. North America population of breeding mallards in
- 1970: 10,379,000. In 1989: 6,119,000. Number of pronghorns
- in North America in 1964: 386,000. In 1983: 1,051,500.
- Number of states with formal, funded nongame wildlife programs
- in 1970: 2. In 1989: 50. Total U.S. energy consumption
- (excluding wood) in quadrillion BTUs in 1970: 70. In 1985:
- 73. Number of operating civilian nuclear power plants in the
- United States in 1970: 15. In 1989: about 100. Total world
- carbon emissions in millions of metric tons from burning
- fossil fuels in 1970: 3,934. In 1986: 5,225. Number of whales
- killed worldwide in 1970: 42,105. In 1989: 300 (estimated).
- Number U.S. homes using passive or active solar energy in 1970:
- 35,000. In 1987: 1,700,000. Millions of tons of sulfur
- dioxides emitted into America's air in 1970: 27. In 1985:
- 21. Thousands of metric tons of lead polluting America's air
- in 1970: 204. In 1985: 21 Number of states with working
- bottle bills in 1971: 1. In 1989: 9. Number of catalogued
- pieces of artificial space debris (softball-sized or larger)
- counted by Space Command in 1970: about 2,000. In 1987:
- 6,985. Millions of acres of U.S. agricultural land transformed
- into urban area between 1970 and 1980: 13. According to
- analyses of government reports, the amount of federal
- rangeland that was overgrazed and in "poor to fair"
- condition in 1977: 70 percent. In 1989: 70 percent. Estimated
- number of African elephants in 1970: 4.5 million. In 1989:
- 500,000-650,000.
-
- --Chris Wille Source: National Wildlife Magazine,
- February-March, 1990.
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